The Gospel of Matthew. Lecture 5 of 12.
Rudolf Steiner, September 5, 1910:
We have to realize that Jesus ben
Pandira was in no way related to the personality or individuality of either the
Jesus of the Gospel of Matthew or of the Gospel of Luke, or any other Gospel; he
lived a hundred years before the Christ Event, and ws stoned and hanged upon a
tree. It is most important that he should not be confused with the Jesus of the
Gospels.
Of Jesus ben
Pandira it need only be stated that neither occult knowledge nor any clairvoyant
faculties are necessary to prove his existence, for information in regard to
this can be had from the Hebrew Talmud. Confusion with the actual Jesus has
occurred at various times, even as early as the second century of the Christian
era. Having stated emphatically that Jesus ben Pandira is not to be identified
with the Jesus of the Evangelists, it is nevertheless necessary to establish the
real historical connection of these two personalities. This is only possible by
means of occult investigation; the connection between them only emerges after a
study of the evolution of mankind and those who guide it.
Gazing upwards
to those beings who lead human development, we come at last to a group of high
individualities who, according to Eastern terminology, are called Bodhisattvas —
for it is in the East where knowledge of them has been established. There are
many Bodhisattvas; they are the great teachers of mankind. From the spiritual
worlds they infuse into humanity through the Mystery schools what according to
the degree of human ripeness is appropriate to each epoch. Bodhisattvas succeed
one another throughout the ages. Two of them are of special interest to present
humanity: one, who as son of King Sudhodana became Buddha; and the other, his
successor in this dignity, who is still a Bodhisattva. Both Oriental wisdom and
clairvoyant investigation agree that the latter's mission will extend over the
next two thousand five hundred years, when this Bodhisattva will rise to the
higher rank of Buddha, as did his predecessor. This, the present Bodhisattva will
then be exalted to the dignity of Maitreya Buddha. In the long line of
Bodhisattvas we have to recognize the great guiding teachers of
evolution, but they should not be confused with the source of their teaching,
the source from which they themselves draw what they bestow upon humanity.
Rather we have to picture a collegium of Bodhisattvas, and the center of this
collegium is the living source whence this teaching is derived. This living
source is none other than He Whom we call the Christ, from Whom all Bodhisattvas
receive what in due course they hand on to humanity. A Bodhisattva devotes
himself principally to teaching, but upon attaining Buddha-hood he ceases to
descend into incarnation, and his mission becomes different. In accordance with
all Eastern philosophy it can be said that Gautama Buddha, who, in his last
incarnation was the son of King Sudhodana, has since then only experienced
incorporation as far as the etheric body. In the course of lectures on the
Gospel of Luke we explained what the next task of this Buddha was.
When the Jesus
of the Gospel of Luke was born — the Nathan Jesus of whom Luke tells, and who is
not to be confused with the Jesus of the Gospel of Matthew — the Being of the
Buddha, who was then incorporated as far as the etheric body, entered into the
astral body of the Nathan Jesus. It is therefore possible to say that having
incarnated as Gautama Buddha, this Being did not come again as a teacher, but
was henceforth present as a living force. He had become an actual force working
from the spiritual world into our physical world.
To teach is one
thing; to work as a living force with the forces of growth is something quite
different. A Bodhisattva is a teacher up to the moment he attains Buddha-hood;
from then onwards he becomes a vital force, filling with constructive power
everything with which he is concerned. In this way the Buddha entered the
organism of the Nathan Jesus as described by Luke. From the sixth century B.C. it is to the Buddha's successor, the coming Maitreya Buddha,
that humanity must look for its teacher. His chosen instrument was the circle of
the Therapeutæ and Essenes, and he poured down his inspiration especially
through his disciple Jesus, the son of Pandira, the purest, the most noted, the
most exalted of them all. Thus we have to realize that the content of this
Bodhisattva-teaching streamed forth into humanity through the Essenes.
The actual sect
of the Essenes, as regards its profounder teaching, disappeared comparatively
soon after the Christ Event, as external history testifies. Hence it need not
sound improbable when I say that they were employed as a means for bringing down
from the spheres of the Bodhisattvas what was necessary to prepare humanity to
grasp the mighty event of the coming of Christ. The most important teaching man
had received to aid him in the understanding of the Christ Event had its source
in these communities. Jesus ben Pandira was chosen to receive inspiration from
that Bodhisattva who was destined to become the Maitreya Buddha, and whose
influence was active among the Essenes; he was inspired to impart a teaching
that was to make comprehensible the Mystery of Palestine — the Mystery of
Christ. External history knows little of the Essenes; more exact information
regarding them is only possible with the aid of occult investigation; hence in a
society like this I can speak without hesitation of secrets known to the Essenes
and Therapeutæ that are needful to an understanding of the Gospel of
Matthew.
These
communities flourished a hundred years before the Christ Event, and taught how
preparation was to be made for it. Their most important feature was the manner
of their initiation. It was specially adapted to evoke an understanding, through
clairvoyant perception, of the significance of Hebraism and Abrahamism as
connected with the Christ Event. This was a mystery peculiar to these
communities. The very purpose of their initiation was to impart clairvoyant
perception in this connection. A follower of the Essenes had in the first place
to attain full appreciation of the significance of what had come to pass in the
Hebrew race through Abraham. Through his own individual vision, an Essene had to
see in Abraham a true forefather of the race, one in whom a seed had been
implanted which then, by means of the blood, percolated from generation to
generation, as explained in the last lecture.
To understand
how something of such great importance in human evolution could take place
through a personality like Abraham, we must keep in mind a most important
saying. This saying shows that whenever a man is destined to be a special
instrument for human evolution he must be in direct contact with some divine
spiritual being.
Those who
attended the performance of the Rosicrucian Mystery Play given at Munich, and those
who have read it, know that one of the most important dramatic manifestations
occurs where the hierophant informs Maria that her mission will only be possible
after such an influx from a higher being has taken place. This was actually
accomplished in her. What then took place may be called a separation of the
higher from the lower principles, which made it possible for the latter to be
possessed by a subordinate spirit. All this is to be found in the Rosicrucian Mystery Play, and if allowed to act on the
soul, and not accepted lightly, it directs our attention to mighty secrets of
human evolution.
Abraham having
been selected for his great mission, the Spirit that had been recognized in
early Atlantis as the Spirit who moved and lived in all the surrounding world
had to enter into his inner organism. This happened for the first time in the
case of Abraham, and therefore a change in man's spiritual perception then
became possible for the first time. A divine Being implanted as it were a germ
in Abraham's organism that was to enter all the other organisms descending from
him in the direct line.
An Essene of
that time would have said: The seed which actually formed the Hebrew people so
as to fit them to be the vehicle for the mission of Christ was first implanted
in them by the mysterious Being only to be discovered when they looked back
through the generations to Abraham. This Being worked as a kind of Folk-spirit
from out the inner organism of Abraham in the blood of the Hebrew people. To
reach some understanding of the crowning mystery of human evolution, it is
necessary to rise to the Spirit who implanted this seed, and seek him where he
was before he had entered into Abraham's organization. In order to rise to this
Spirit who had organized and inspired the Hebrew people, to know him in his
purity, the Essenes felt it to be necessary to pass through a certain training;
they felt they must purify themselves from all that had come to human souls from
the physical world since the time of Abraham. And further, an Essene would
declare: The spiritual being which man bears within him, and all the other
spiritual beings concerned with his development, are only to be seen in their
purity in the spiritual world. As found in man, they have become defiled by the
forces of the physical world.
From the point
of view of the Essenes (which in a certain sphere of knowledge is absolutely
correct), every single person then living had impurities in his soul from early
times which disturbed his free vision of the Spiritual Being who had implanted
the attribute in Abraham which has been described. Every Essene sought in his
soul to be purified from what had entered him in this way, and which dimmed his
vision of the Being who dwelt in the blood passing through the generations, the
Being who could only be rightly seen after much purification. All the methods of
their training were directed toward freeing the soul from its inherited
tendencies and influences that clouded its vision and hid the spiritual inspirer
of Abraham. Not only had man a spiritual being within him, but this being had
been sullied through these inherited tendencies.
There is a law
in Spiritual Science which was perceived by the Essenes through their
clairvoyant investigation and spiritual vision: that hereditary influences only
cease to be active when a man has passed through forty-two stages in the line of
descent; only then has he purged his soul of inherited influences. What is
inherited by man from father and mother, from grandfather and grandmother, and
so on, becomes feebler the farther back the line is traced; beyond forty-two
generations nothing more of this could be found, which means that the influence
of inheritance is then lost. By careful training and inner exercises, the
Essenes directed their attention toward eliminating the impurities of the
forty-two generations. This meant a severe training on a mystical path of
forty-two clearly defined degrees or stages. Once these were passed, the Essene
knew he was freed from the influences of the world of sense, and had reached the
point where he experienced his inner self, where he felt the center of his being
to be united with Divinity. Therefore said he: ‘In going through these forty-two
stages I ascend to God — to the God with whom I am concerned.’
The Essenes and
the Therapeutæ had a clear vision of man's path to a divine Being who had not as
yet descended into matter; they alone knew the truth of the fact which can be
described as the ‘Event of Abraham’ — they knew it at least in so far as it was
concerned with inheritance. They also knew that if a man was to rise to a Being
who was to enter the line of inheritance he must reach a place where he was no
longer steeped in matter: he must pass through forty-two stages of development
corresponding to the forty-two generations; then he would find that Being. The
Essene knew something more: he knew just as man has to rise through these
forty-two stages to reach Divinity, so this Divine Being must descend, in the
reverse direction, through forty-two generations if He was to enter into
physical humanity. If man required to rise through forty-two stages before
attaining to God, God had to descend through forty-two stages in order to become
a man among men. So taught the Essenes, and so taught above all Jesus ben
Pandira, who was inspired by the Bodhisattva. Having learnt this, we know the
source whence flowed the knowledge given out by the writer of the Gospel of
Matthew, and exactly why he traces back these forty-two generations.
Jesus ben
Pandira, who instructed the Essenes in these matters, lived a century before
these forty-two generations could be completed. He taught them that advance
beyond a certain point on their journey through the forty-two stages was only
possible if an historical event were connected with it, that any further
achievement could only come by grace from above. A time, however, would come, he
told them, when this would be a natural event; a man would be born who, through
the power in his own blood, would be able to rise so high that divine Spiritual
Forces could descend into him, which he had need of in order that he might make
fully manifest the Spirit of the Race — the Spirit of Jahve — in the blood of
the Hebrew people. Jesus ben Pandira taught them further that if Zarathustra —
he who would bring Ahura Mazdao — were to incarnate in human form, this could
only come to pass if this human form had been so prepared that the Divine Spirit
ensouling it had passed down through forty-two generations.
It is now
apparent that the teaching concerning the descent through the generations with
which the Gospel of Matthew begins had its origin among the sect of the Essenes.
If these facts are to be fully understood we must refer to something still
deeper in this whole connection.
Everything
concerned with human evolution confronts us, as it were, from two sides, for the
simple reason that man is a twofold being. Seen during waking consciousness,
when the four members of his being are united, the reason for man's dual nature
is not at first discernible. But it is easily seen at night when one part,
consisting of physical body and etheric body, remains in the physical world, and
the other, composed of the astral body and ego, leaves it. Man is made up of
these two parts. The human qualities and attributes of the physical world belong
to the physical and etheric bodies alone, although the other members have a
share in them during the waking state. When awake, man functions by means of his
astral body and ego in the other two members; when asleep he leaves them to
themselves. The moment that he falls asleep, however, the beings and forces of
the cosmos begin to function in, and to permeate, the forsaken members, so that
there is a constant influx from the cosmos into the physical and etheric bodies
of man. That part of him, however, which is left sleeping in bed is actually
limited to the forty-two generations, during which time it is under the law of
inheritance. Beginning with the first generation and taking all that then
belonged to physical nature, we shall find at the end, if we trace this through
forty-two generations, nothing of what was the most essential in the first case.
Thus in six times seven generations are comprised all the active characteristics
of the physical and etheric bodies of a man. The inherited tendencies found in
these two bodies must be sought for among his ancestors, but only in the
forty-two preceding generations; beyond that time they cannot be traced; all
belonging to an earlier generation has disappeared.
Human evolution
in time is based on a certain numerical relationship. If we consider this more
closely we find everything concerning the physical body is limited to forty-two
generations, because everything connected with evolution in time is connected
with the number seven. The Essenes knew this. An Essene said to himself: ‘Thou
must pass through six times seven stages — that is forty-two — thou wilt then
have arrived at the last seven which complete the sevenfold count, making
forty-nine stages in all.’ What lies beyond the forty-two stages cannot be
attributed to the forces and beings active in the physical and etheric body. The
whole evolution of these bodies is finished — in accordance with the sevenfold
law — after seven times seven generations, but during the last seven of these a
complete change has taken place, and nothing of the first generation remains.
What we are now concerned with is something entirely new in the realm into which
man enters after the forty-two generations. We are now no longer concerned with
a human existence but with a superhuman one. The six times seven
generations, therefore, are connected entirely with the Earth, and the seven
that follows is connected with what is beyond the Earth, that is
fruit for the spiritual world.
Hence the people
from among whom the Gospel of Matthew had its origin expressed their thoughts
somewhat in this way: ‘The physical body used by Zarathustra had to be so ripe
at the end of forty-two generations that it was already on the verge of becoming
spiritualized; it was at the point where deification could take place.’ This
could have taken place at the beginning of the forty-third generation, but it
did not; this body allowed itself to be used by another being, who, as the
spirit of Zarathustra, incarnated on Earth as Jesus of Nazareth. In the events
capable of providing a fitting body and fitting blood for the soul of
Zarathustra, in Jesus of Nazareth, everything was fulfilled in accordance with
this mystery of numbers. Everything relating to the physical and etheric body in
human evolution has been prepared in this way.
Now, however,
there are in man — and hence too in him who was to be the bearer of the
Christ-being — not only a physical and an etheric body, but also an astral body
and ego. Preparation therefore had to be made not only for a suitable physical
and etheric body, but what was needful had also to be done to prepare a suitable
astral body and ego. For such a mighty Event not one but two
personalities were necessary. The physical and etheric bodies were prepared in
the case of the personality described in the Gospel of Matthew; the astral body
and ego were prepared in another personality — the Nathan Jesus, of whom the
Gospel of Luke relates. For the early years this was another personality. While
the Matthew Jesus received a suitable physical and etheric organism, the Luke
Jesus received the appropriate astral body and bearer of the ego.
How could this
come to pass? We have seen that the forces of the forty-two generations had to
be prepared in order that the sheaths might come about which were necessary for
the Jesus of the Matthew gospel. The astral body and ego had also to be prepared
in order to appear later in the appropriate manner. How this happened we shall
now explain.
As an
introduction to the understanding of the Jesus of the Gospel of Luke, for whom
special preparation had also to be made, let us consider the nature of sleep.
The notion, derived from the assertions of lower clairvoyance, that the whole
astral and ego-nature of man is contained within the nebulous appearance seen
near the body of a sleeping man, is entirely erroneous. For it is a fact that
during sleep, when man forsakes his physical and etheric sheaths, he expands,
and is spread abroad through the whole cosmos. The mystery of the sleeping state
is contained in the fact that the astral body expands through the whole stellar
world, attracting toward it the purest cosmic forces; and these forces man
brings with him when at the moment of awakening he plunges once more into his
physical and etheric bodies. Hence he emerges from sleep strengthened by what he
has derived from the whole cosmos.
If man were
clairvoyant today in the highest sense — and this was the same at the time of
Christ Jesus — what must then take place in him? Modern man is normally
unconscious during sleep when with his astral body and ego he goes forth from
his physical and etheric bodies; clairvoyant consciousness must, however, become
capable of perception by means of the astral body and ego, without the aid of
the physical and etheric bodies. It will then belong to the world of the stars, and
will not only perceive this world but actually enter into it. Just as the
consciousness of the Essene had to rise through successive stages (at the root
of which lay the number seven), so man must surmount the stages which enable him
to perceive universal space clairvoyantly.
The dangers
attending both courses of development I have often pointed out.
The development
of the Essenes was fundamentally a penetration into the physical body and
etheric body, that they might find their God. With them it was as if a man on
awakening did not see the world around him, but plunged into his physical and
etheric bodies in order to realize their forces; therefore to see what was
external from within. Man's descent into his physical vehicles on awakening is
not a conscious act, for at that moment consciousness is attracted to the
environment, and is not directed to the forces within his physical and etheric
bodies. The essential fact for the Essene was that, disregarding his
environment, he should dip down into his own physical vehicles and perceive all
the forces that in the sense of occult science had their rise in the mystery of
the six times seven generations.
Similar and even
mightier exertions are necessary if a man is to ascend into the cosmos and
discover its secrets. In penetrating into his own inner being he is only exposed
to the danger of being overcome by the forces of this being, the desires and
passions of its depths, of which he is ordinarily unaware and of which he does
not dream. Ordinary training usually prevents knowledge of these forces—his
attention being attracted to the emergence of the outer world on awakening, so
that he should not be overcome by this. Another danger meets him when he
experiences ‘expansion over the whole cosmos.’ He who experiences this moment,
by retaining his consciousness during sleep, he who is able to perceive the
spiritual world through the instrumentality of his astral body and ego, is
confronted by a great danger. Like a man attempting to gaze at the Sun, he is
blinded and bewildered by the overwhelming grandeur of his experiences.
Just as the
different stages of wisdom striven for by the Essenes, in order to learn of the
hereditary tendencies in the physical and etheric bodies, were connected with
the mystery of numbers (six times seven), so there was a secret number in the
Mysteries of the Great World, showing how knowledge of these could be acquired.
The best approach to these mysteries is through the stars themselves, which in
their movements and groupings into constellations provide a form of expression
— a language. As, by passing through six times seven stages man attains the key
to the mysteries of his own inner being; twelve times seven, or
eighty-four, stages are necessary before he can rise to the spiritual mysteries
of universal space. When we have surmounted the eighty-four stages we are no
longer blinded by the complexity of these spiritual cosmic forces. Beyond these
eighty-four stages we have attained that calm wherein a way may be found through
the mighty labyrinth.
This was taught
to a certain extent among the Essenes. A person having attained clairvoyance
during sleep, as just described, could pour his being forth into something that
is expressed in the mystery of numbers as twelve times seven. Anyone who has
attained to the ‘twelve times seven’ degree is already in spiritual realms, for
when he has completed the eleven times seven, he has already reached the verge
of the Mysteries. As in the other, the seven times seven, he is already in the
spiritual realm; so he is in the twelve times seven. On the latter path the
spiritual realm is beyond the eleven times seven stage. Such are the number of
the stages to be passed through by the astral body and ego. All this is
imprinted in the starry script: seven is the number derived from the planets;
they are seven in number; what man has to pass through in cosmic space is
derived from the number twelve, the number of the Signs of the Zodiac.
As the seven
planets group themselves within, and pass through the twelve signs, so if man is
to live into cosmic space he must pass through seven times twelve, or rather
seven times eleven stages, to attain spirituality. The Twelve Signs of the
Zodiac may be pictured as forming a spiritual periphery, in the center of which
is man himself. Now, man does not reach the spiritual realm spread around him
simply by advancing from a center outwards: he must expand in spiral form; he
must advance, as it were, in seven spiral movements. Each time he completes one
spiral turn he has passed through all the twelve signs; he has in this way to
pass through seven times twelve points. Man gradually expands in spiral form
through the cosmos — this is naturally only an image for what man
experiences—and in circling thus, on the seventh journey through the twelve
signs, spirituality is reached. Then instead of regarding the cosmos from the
central point of his own self; he regards it from the spiritual circumference —
from twelve points of view— and from these different aspects he views the
external world. It is not enough to see things from one point only, they must be
considered from twelve aspects.
He who is in
quest of what is divinely spiritual must guide his astral body and ego in this
way through eleven times seven stages, and at the twelfth he is in the spiritual
world.
If Divinity
wished to descend and assume a human ego, it would likewise have to pass down
through eleven times seven stages. So when the Gospel of Luke wished to describe
the spiritual forces that prepared a human astral body and ego to be the bearer
of the Christ, it had to relate how the divine force descended through eleven
times seven stages. This is truly told in the Gospel of Luke. Because this
Gospel tells of the personality for whom the astral body and ego
were prepared, it is not concerned, like the Gospel of Matthew, with six times
seven generations, but with eleven times seven successive stages through which
is traced down, from God Himself; that which dwelt in the individuality of the
Luke Jesus. These seventy-seven different human stages can be counted in the
Gospel of Luke.
Because the
Gospel of Matthew describes the mystery of the descent of the divine force which
worked constructively within the physical and etheric bodies, the ruling number
in it must be six times seven. In the Gospel of Luke, because it describes the
descent of the divine force which built the astral body and ego, the number must
be eleven times seven. Such is the infinite depth of the origin of these facts
as related in the Gospels. These Gospels of Luke and Matthew reveal the secrets
of initiation; the descent by certain stages of the Divine Spirit into a human
individuality, and correspondingly the successive stages by which an individual
can reach forth into the cosmos.
It will be
explained in the next lecture how a table of descent is also found in the Gospel
of Luke; and why, in an age when the Mystery of Christ was imparted only to a
few, it should have been demonstrated that there were seventy-seven generations
from God and from Adam, down to the Jesus of this Gospel.
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