The inner life of the human soul and its relationship to the world. What the world needs now is anthroposophy

 

Rudolf Steiner,  January 8, 1911, Frankfurt

Automated Translation

Today and tomorrow evening, we will have much to talk about, in reference to Goethe, that may interest the student of spiritual science with regard to the inner workings of the human soul, its development and its relation to the world. Since our task in these two lectures will be to consider the above questions only in the light of Goethe, it seems to me expedient to speak now, independently of Goethe, as we are accustomed to doing, from the sources of spiritual science, about the inner life of the human soul, its development, and its relationship to the world. It will be necessary for me to assume that you are somewhat familiar with the basic elements of the human soul life.

When we consider the human soul in its development, we must objectively distinguish between the sentient soul, the intellectual soul and the consciousness soul. When we speak of the sentient soul, we do not just mean that part of our soul that is able to connect with the outside world through perception, through sensory impressions, but we also mean the seat of everything we can call instincts, desires, passions, and also the seat of everything that are impulses of will in the human soul. It is most useful, if we want to form an idea of what the sentient soul actually is within our mental life, to imagine how everything volitional, everything that gives us impulses from within , is seeking a relationship with the outside world, is the essential part of the sentient soul, and how it is attached to the sentient soul that it is the most important mediator of receiving external impressions of perception. That is why it is called the sentient soul. When a person receives a sound or a color impression, the sentient soul is in control. Even when passions arise, in the case of affects, anger, fear, anxiety, it is essentially the sentient soul that rules.

What we call the intellectual or mind soul first works its way out of the sentient soul and is, in certain respects, somewhat more serene than the sentient soul. The abilities to clothe in ideas what is felt in the sentient soul, to clarify what is experienced as instincts, as affects, into a more human form of soul life, are already present in the mind soul. When, for example, affects that otherwise only aim at self-preservation are clarified into goodwill, or even loving behavior towards the environment, we are already dealing with the soul of understanding or mind. In the soul of understanding, the I reveals itself to us as the actual center of our soul life.

In the further development of the I, where we feel ourselves to be truly inwardly human beings, asserting ourselves in the center, we form our perceptions and thoughts into great ideas with which we comprehend nature, or into ideas of duty or moral ideas. We speak of the consciousness soul in everything with which we relate to ourselves in this way. There are no dividing walls between the individual soul members, but it is necessary to distinguish between these three members because each relates to the outside world in a different way.

If you take the consciousness soul first, for us humans this is the highest soul element for the time being, but at the same time it is the soul element that has, to a certain extent, separated itself the most from the whole rest of the world. It is the most independent soul element.

When a person delves into the consciousness soul, he can be most lonely in his soul life, shutting himself off from the outer world. It is the soul element that, by its very nature, has erected the most barriers to the environment, so that it is most strongly predisposed to fall into error and error. It is most detached from the universe. But this part of the soul can only fall into error to a limited extent. This is the most important thing in what we call the consciousness soul. It expresses itself above all as logical thinking, as the dissection of concepts, and also proceeds as computational thinking, as everything that man has in a certain respect as an ability of his own, and which is not found in animals.

The powers of the sentient and rational soul play up into the consciousness soul. The drives, desires and passions, the volitional impulses of the sentient soul, the feelings and intellectual judgments of the rational soul penetrate into it. But in the consciousness soul, all this is processed by logical thinking. That is why it is excellent in the consciousness soul that we form our opinions. And because the consciousness soul is the most isolated, people are so very separate from each other in terms of opinions. When we speak of what we have in common because it is formed within our community, our family circle, because it is common practice in our environment, we speak of such things that are located in the intellectual or emotional soul. But even the things that are only located in the consciousness soul migrate into the intellectual soul, for example, an opinion we have formed can become a habitual opinion. Or an ability can be transformed into skill, into habit. Then they have descended into the mind soul.

The consciousness soul is also the most isolated because through the consciousness soul, the human being directly extends the horns of feeling into the environment. When we consider what we want to do, we live in the mind soul. When we look at what is around us, we extend the horns of feeling of the consciousness soul directly through the senses and come back to what makes us the most isolated being. Because of what our senses offer us, we become the most isolated beings. Thus man isolates himself precisely because, through the consciousness soul, he must relate to the outside world in a very local and temporary way. But opinions cling most intensely to the consciousness soul. An opinion asserts itself first and becomes firmly established in the consciousness soul. Therefore, in terms of opinions, man is an isolated being. In terms of habits, people understand each other better. Man is most independent, but also most isolated, in the consciousness soul, therefore we cannot really find access to what is in the consciousness soul of another person. We do not even know whether everyone sees the color red or blue in the same way as we do.

But leaving that aside, let us now just assume the content of the consciousness soul, which consists of opinions. If we take something that may seem extremely logical, something that we can imagine we base these opinions on in the most logical way possible, these logical reasons cannot be applied to our fellow human beings. Logical arguments do not initially have an effect on external life, and it is even normal for them not to have an effect. Therefore, it is easy to convert people to our opinions at a young age, in childhood. Later on, this is less and less the case. This is because the child not only confronts us with his consciousness soul, but also with his mind soul and his sentient soul. He confronts us with his entire personality. And the way we convince them depends more on all the other soul aspects than on the consciousness soul. The will and feelings are involved. If people's direction of will and feelings differ, then the most diverse points of view can be justified in the most logical way. Nevertheless, in the present cycle of human development, people are only truly independent with regard to the consciousness soul, and less so with regard to the other soul aspects. Consider how opinions are formed: the human being is completely free to form this or that conceptual context as his opinion. He is less free when the content of the intellectual soul comes into play. Here the human being does not feel at all free, otherwise his feelings and perceptions could not play many tricks on him. We can be completely in agreement with ourselves in our opinions that this or that should actually displease us, but the mind speaks differently, allowing us to take pleasure in the matter after all. The fact that the mind can be in discord with opinions can show us that man is not as free in terms of feeling as he is in terms of opinions. The strongest unfreedom the human being feels is in regard to everything concerning the will and so on, everything that is in the sentient soul. The discord is sometimes very great between the most glorious intentions, between the opinion that this or that is not good, and the urge, the affect towards it. A drastic example is the following: A teacher who has an angry child realizes in the soul of understanding that the anger must be expelled. Since he does not succeed in doing so in a good way, he throws the inkwell at the child's head, and he himself becomes angry. There we have the most beautiful discord.

What is it in the life of the soul that happens, that this discord can come about? It is the case that we are actually only isolated and independent in relation to the consciousness soul in our present state of development, but that between the consciousness soul, at the boundary to the mind or feeling soul, there is an influence on the soul, an influence of higher superhuman beings. And again, at the boundary between the intellectual soul and the sentient soul, we have such an influence of external forces of superhuman entities, likewise between the sentient soul and the sentient body.

I am now describing the state that presents itself in our time, in our century. It is different for other times. Man can also easily be convinced that other forces come into play where the will comes into play. When we think, we are with ourselves. We can sit down in a corner and be with ourselves in thought. When a person has to exercise a volitional impulse, he has to move his hands and feet, he has to produce a physical action, an act. If you move from one thought to another, your consciousness remains present. Today, people have no idea of the transition that takes place when, for example, they grasp the thought: I want to grab the watch – and then carry out this thought. Here we have a completely different context than in the transition from one thought to another, where the whole sequence can be followed by the consciousness. This is an example of how other forces intervene to help us. At the boundary between the intellectual soul and the consciousness soul, entities intervene that we call angels or angeloi. They are the ones who condense what would otherwise only be conscious in opinions and concepts, and condense them into what can be called sensations and feelings. The term 'sensation' fluctuates somewhat. What is felt and sensed internally is already a condensation of thought. There are forces behind us that help us.

Let us now turn to the other boundary between the intellectual soul and the sentient soul. Here we have even higher beings that intervene. They are the ones who stir our will, who strengthen our thoughts into willpower: they are the archangels or archangeloi. But when we enter into relationship with our environment on our own initiative, then it is the spirits of personality; there we already feel the resistance of the world when we intervene in its structure. Thus, in the intermediate realms between the individual soul forces, there are guiding spiritual entities that permeate us and have the task of transforming into deeds and forces what, left to himself, a person can only experience within himself as thoughts.

Now, when we enter into these subconscious regions of the soul's life, there is indeed the possibility that the struggles that take place and must take place within the spiritual world will also enter the arena of our consciousness. Where the angelic beings intervene, the luciferic beings, who are the opponents of the angels, are also close behind. If only the angels were to intervene, our minds would reach out to what is beautiful, only to what corresponds to our human dignity. The luciferic beings lead us to what we ourselves do not agree with in calm reflection, but which carries us away. Where the archangels intervene, the Ahrimanic beings can also intervene, leading us to transform our judgment into error and our search for truth into falsehood. As human beings, we are given free will to think logically. But the moment we develop feelings and impulses of will, other beings, including those that counteract the emerging beings, intervene. This is the point that everyone who is in any way familiar with occult research should basically educate themselves about.

Where man stands in normal life today, it is already so arranged that the forces of the luciferic and ahrimanic entities, which counteract the angels and archangels, are nevertheless directed towards the good in all their effects. We need not seek to be wiser than the Ruling Power of the World and ask: Why do human beings need the entities of Lucifer and Ahriman? Man could not be so free if he were not given a counterpoise in these two powers to balance the angels and archangels. Man must have the opportunity to tell a lie so that he can arrive at the truth independently. As an independent being, he must gain truth for himself, and so Ahriman must be there. Man must resist Ahriman and take the path to truth. In this way man has become an independent being, in whom the sense for truth is inherent. The highest rulers of the world have already arranged matters so that the opponents, Lucifer and Ahriman, do not have too much to deal with. They are there to drive people to a strong degree of impure urges, desires and also incorrect judgments for the sake of their freedom and development of consciousness, but these can be balanced out in the course of karma and cannot disrupt the earthly mission. It is one of the most beautiful and profound insights that man gradually comes to through occult studies and esotericism, that he realizes: that everything that is untrue and bad can ultimately be transformed into good.

The question that everyone must ask is: apart from this circumstance, is there any reason why man must go through all incarnations and only reach perfection through every error? Yes, there is a reason. It would be going too far to show that man has become such through his previous lives on earth that he can only mature gradually. Now he is only independent with regard to the consciousness soul. But a time will come when, despite all his tendency to err, man will have a firm direction in his actions and work. If people did not yet have this, they would be in constant dispute and quarrel. As humanity is now, it is ripe to acquire the freedom for the consciousness soul, but people are not yet ripe to become free in relation to the mind soul and sentient soul. Progress arises from the fact that development can never take place in a completely straight line. We can see in all cultures how some souls are ahead of the pack, taking the lead, anticipating what other souls will only be able to acquire in later times. Today, human souls are only mature enough to become free in relation to the consciousness soul. But spiritual wisdom gradually leads to the mind and sentient soul also being freed and isolated, so that people no longer have to look to tradition and habit to find the good, but that the impulse for good flows from their own soul. This is also a necessary interpretation of Paul's words: “Not I, but Christ in me.” When the Christ lives in people, they will also be allowed to be free in relation to the intellectual and sentient soul. People have already achieved a certain dispassion when it comes to the most trivial logical matters and mathematical calculations. Here passion has already been banished so far from the human heart that people can find the truth for themselves. But for that which is within the mind and sentient soul, people are still very much in tune, even considering the tuning as the essential, because there Luciferic and Ahrimanic forces play a role everywhere.

You will understand that with such a movement, which is built on the foundation of spiritual wisdom and where the deeper powers of the human soul are to be awakened for the purpose of isolation, not only curiosity about the spiritual worlds may be connected – that may not actually be the impulse for spiritual research – but also a sense of responsibility. Through this movement, every ability of human beings to shape the future is brought into our time. A germ of the future is being called forth that is not yet ripe in the general public. We must bear this in mind and be clear about how we have to be careful to ensure that, even if the soul may be beautiful and sympathetic within the spiritual movement, we must still be vigilant in the face of impending dangers and must awaken the feeling of responsibility. If the soul approaches spiritual things immaturely, there is still danger. Not everyone notices this danger. Those who are a little more deeply involved in the movement know and must know – if they do not want to break down under the unbearable – how they must always be on guard to say only what has passed through their soul not once or ten times, but a hundred times! It is difficult to find words that are adequate with regard to spiritual matters. A definite opinion must form in the whole circle of Anthroposophists: the opinion that they demand of those who represent the movement that they take the truth in this sense seriously. One must not believe that as a speaker every evening one can simply stand there without letting these truths pass through one's soul again and again, so that they are properly shaped down to the last word. The difficulty that lies in being able to open one's mouth only for spiritual truths is one thing. The other is that those who are in such a movement must, in a certain way, even make sure that this feeling is present in the representatives of the movement. But even those who are not yet deeply involved have to be careful that certain things do not happen to their soul, and people should ask themselves again and again: Am I mature enough to represent a spiritual movement? Do I have to place myself in the movement in such a way that the things of the spiritual world have an even stronger effect on me? No one should be discouraged, but everyone should awaken the feeling in themselves: Even if I have done what is good and right through the compulsion of tradition and education, there is a limit beyond which not only the angels, archangels and spirits of the personality stand when the right is represented, but where Lucifer and Ahriman also stand. Time and again, we see people who were truthful begin to tell lies when they are confronted with spiritual truths, because they have not sufficiently said to themselves: Above all, you must prepare yourself, you must let the spiritual truths take effect on you, you must not let yourself speak! — One must be aware of such responsibility. But it would be cowardly to say: Then I do not want to place myself in the spiritual movement. It is not by evading the duty to observe caution that one behaves correctly, but by observing this duty correctly. Much of what has been said at all times characterizes the progressive spiritual movement.

There are the great lights that are supposed to help people move forward. But where there are strong lights, there are often very strong shadows as well. Hence the not always unjustified accusations against those who are supposed to bring down the truths of the spiritual world to the physical plane. In every such movement, those who wanted nothing more than to let spiritual truths flow down into the physical world were joined by those who did not want to exercise self-criticism, who did not want to tame pride and vanity. They became like those we see so abundantly within spiritual movements, and to whom one must say: Unfortunately, the outside world cannot always distinguish between such bearers and those who are the true bearers. The opposite also sometimes happens. Our spiritual science movement should call on people to judge freely and sweep away everything that merely relies on external authority. As long as society still feels that it depends on the mouth through which it speaks, our ideal has not yet been achieved. We should only listen to what this mouth speaks because the things make sense to us when we listen to it with a sense of truth and unbiased logic. Our movement is highly suited to nurturing and developing people's free judgment; but there is a strong tendency, which can be called 'laziness' with regard to faith, that runs through our time. The laziness of faith creates great obstacles for the spiritual science movement. Believing something because someone has said it delays free judgment, the free human soul life, and independence in relation to the mind soul. It is so convenient not to have to think and just accept some truth because someone has said it; it is much more convenient to believe the person than to examine what the person is saying.

I have often said: It is only possible to make suggestions within the spiritual movement. But take everything we can find in history, for example, about Zarathustra: none of it will be refuted by what is said here about Zarathustra, if you really take everything. It can be examined, and the more rigorously it is examined, the more pleasing it is to those who want to represent the spiritual movement in an objective way. The will to examine is what they want. But it is infinitely more convenient to believe, to simply refer to what this or that clairvoyant said. This is a danger for the real or so-called clairvoyant if he is not yet really established. There is already a temptation to say what people believe. It is easy for him to slide into that, into which it is generally easy to slide when it concerns the ascent into the supersensible world. One ascends into a world in which it really cannot be controlled as easily as in the physical world. If you want to check with the mind, the angels and archangels intervene at the border areas, so it takes quite a lot to check it out. When it comes to faith, it often depends only on the impression one has of the person. How easily people can be influenced in terms of faith can be seen from mass suggestion.

Mass suggestion is something about which the most wonderful discoveries can only be made in the future. In earlier times it was quite different because the consciousness soul was not yet free. Today man is in the liberation of the consciousness soul, but is still completely in the bondage of the mind soul. How is suggestion made? Not only by what is pleasant or unpleasant about a personality; but also, for example, by the fact that someone has taken up an office, has five children to care for and now feels compelled to remain in office. Today, people often prefer to listen to everything that is obtained from the supersensible world in a charlatan-like manner rather than to what is based on solid research. For the former has two characteristics. First of all, it is tremendously trivial. For example, what writing mediums write down is usually such that one could just as easily think of the subject oneself, only it is made credible to man by the way it is taught to him. Man then believes that something is playing into it from the spiritual world. It is precisely their triviality that makes these things pleasant for people. Or they have the other property of being so incomprehensible that no one can understand anything about them. The things that are particularly incomprehensible are then often considered particularly mystical. At the borderline between the supernatural and the sensual, the charlatanry can be combined with what is based on serious research. It must be emphasized that only he is doing his duty who is alert to his own soul, who is especially careful about everything that can dull the instincts, so that we believe we are promoting the affairs of humanity when we are only promoting our own, or that the untruth, the lie, the temptation of Ahriman, is inadvertently mixed into what we say.

Only those who are constantly vigilant with regard to all this, only those who always say to themselves: 'If you join a spiritual movement, there is a great danger that you will become vain and proud' – only they can make progress. That goes without saying. Therefore, you cannot reproach a person for that, only if the person in question does nothing at all to suppress these traits. There is a tremendous temptation not to be completely truthful when you are dealing with people who believe you. You can make up all kinds of stories if they believe on authority. Then it is easy. You must not reproach anyone for the fact that when approaching the spiritual world, the tendency to lie arises in him, but that should not excuse him from himself, rather he should make every effort to expel it from his soul. That is the meaning of: know thyself. You have to seek the lonely hours when you can come to say to yourself: there is a danger looming again, so be on your guard. If you do not have these lonely hours, if you are uncomfortable with not being able to confess something good to yourself, if they are not the starting point for fighting your faults with all your might, then you are on the slippery slope, then you will roll down instead of climbing up.

These are the things we have to face if we want to recognize our position in occult research, the research that is the highest gift of grace flowing into the physical world from the spiritual worlds, for which we should have the greatest sense of responsibility.

The duty to enter the spiritual world with a part of humanity, because only in this way is progress possible, and at the same time the feeling of responsibility should awaken in us, the feeling: it is a duty, once I have learned the matter, to participate in it. It is often said that the representatives of spiritual science do not pay enough attention to moral considerations. They are often made, as they are today, so that in the progress of our spiritual movement, through which we are to be led to the spiritual sources, we may also hear of the impulses that come from those spiritual sources.

Source: January 8, 1911